Welding robots are industrial robots engaged in welding (including cutting and spraying). According to the definition of standard welding robots for industrial robots by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO), an industrial robot is a multi - purpose, reprogrammable automatic control manipulator with three or more programmable axes, used in the field of industrial automation.

Welding robots automate the process, ensuring higher precision, less waste, and faster operation. With the wide application of mechanical equipment, welding industrial robots can adapt to various welding processes, including arc welding, resistance welding, and spot welding. One of the common welding processes for welding industrial robots is arc welding. Arc welding is a welding process that uses electricity to melt metals together. An arc is formed between the electrode (consumable or non - consumable) and the metal using direct current (DC) or alternating current (AC), causing them to melt and bond together.

Resistance spot welding process: Resistance spot welding is a welding process that uses two special - shaped copper alloy electrodes to concentrate the welding current at one point to connect the plates together. A strong current forces the metal to melt and form a weld. By using a high current at a specific location, the rest of the plate is not heated during the welding process.

Spot welding process: Since some materials can resist current, they cannot be welded in other forms. This situation often occurs in the automotive industry for assembling body parts. To overcome this problem, welding industrial robots use a variant of resistance welding technology to connect a pair of thin metal plates at one point.