Welding robots are modern automated equipment that integrates knowledge from multiple fields such as computers, electronics, sensors, and artificial intelligence. Welding robots are mainly composed of the robot body and automatic welding equipment. Welding robots can easily stabilize and improve the quality of welded products. They can achieve 24 - hour continuous production, greatly improving production efficiency. At the same time, they can replace human workers who work in harmful environments for long periods. Welding robots are directly used for welding, such as arc welding, resistance welding, and gas welding.

I. Components of Welding Robots

1. Execution part: This is the mechanical structure of the welding robot that transmits force or torque and performs specific actions to complete the welding task. It includes the body, arms, wrists, and hands of the welding robot.

2. Control part: It is responsible for controlling the mechanical structure to complete the welding operation between specified positions according to the prescribed procedures and required trajectories. It consists of electronic and electrical components and a computer system.

3. Power source and transmission components: These are the components and devices that provide and transmit mechanical energy to the execution part. Most power sources are electric or hydraulic.

4. Process support: It mainly includes the robot welding power source, wire - feeding and gas - feeding devices, etc.

II. Selection of Degrees of Freedom for Welding Robots

The arms and wrists of welding robots are the basic moving parts. The design of any robot arm has three degrees of freedom to ensure that the end of the arm can reach any point within its working range. The three degrees of freedom of the wrist are rotational movements around three mutually perpendicular axes X, Y, and Z in space, which are usually called rolling, pitching, and yawing movements.