Industrial robots are multi - joint manipulators or multi - degree - of - freedom machine devices widely used in the industrial field. They have a certain degree of automation and can achieve various industrial processing and manufacturing functions relying on their own power sources and control capabilities. Industrial robots are widely used in various industrial fields such as electronics, logistics, and chemical engineering.

I. Drive System

To make the robot run, transmission devices need to be installed at each joint, that is, each degree of freedom of motion. This is the drive system. The drive system can be hydraulic transmission, pneumatic transmission, electric transmission, or a comprehensive system that combines them; it can be direct drive or indirect drive through mechanical transmission mechanisms such as timing belts, chains, gear trains, and harmonic gears.

II. Mechanical Structure System

The mechanical structure system of an industrial robot is the mechanical part for the industrial robot to complete various movements. The system consists of skeletons (rods) and joints (kinematic pairs) connecting them, with multiple degrees of freedom. It mainly includes components such as the hand, wrist, arm, and body.

1. Wrist. The wrist is the part connecting the hand and the arm. Its main function is to adjust the posture and orientation of the hand.

2. Arm. It is used to connect the body and the wrist. It is the part supporting the wrist and the hand, consisting of power joints and connecting rods. It is used to bear the load of the workpiece or tool, change the spatial position of the workpiece or tool, and send them to the predetermined position.

3. Hand. Also known as the end - effector or gripper, it is the part where the industrial robot directly operates on the target. Special tools such as welding torches, spray guns, electric drills, and electric screw (nut) tighteners can be installed on the hand.

4. Body. It is the supporting part of the robot, with two types: fixed and mobile.